This experiment was conducted to determine the chemical compositions of the garlic and clove essential oils and compare their antimicrobial activity with nanosilver and current antibiotics used in veterinary medicine. The garlic and clove plants were processed for oil extraction. Chemical composition of essential oils was determined using gas chromatography. Diallyl disulfide and eugenol had the greatest contribution in the essential oil of garlic and clove, respectively (25.50 and 63.37%). Garlic and clove essential oils and nanosilver in 5 levels (0.5, 1, 2, 4 and 8 microliter) and commom antibiotics in veterinary medicine were infused into sterile 6 milimeter filter paper discs. The discs were put on muller hinton agar that cultured with rumen fluid. After 24 hours, inhibition zone diameter were measured with caliper. Differences between inhibition zone diameter of treatments were significant (P<0.05). Neomycin and tetracycline combination and oxy tetracycline had the highest antibacterial activity with inhibition zone diameter of 38.033 and 25.020 millimeter respectively. Inhibition zone diameter of nanosilver and clove essential oil was significantly higher than neomycin (P<0.05). Antibacterial effect of nanosilver versus clove essential oil was only higher in level of 0.5 and 8 (P<0.05).

A critical research area overlooked in previous studies on nano-silica material is the understanding of how its physical characteristics influence its final behavior as a composite when added to the asphalt binder. This study aimed to understand the feasibility of modifying the nanosilica with asphalt binder based on the asphalt binder characteristics. 60/70 penetration grade asphalt cement was prepared by adding (2%, 4% and 6%) of nanosilica by weight of asphalt. Properties of nanosilica material and asphalt cement were first examined. To prepare the modified asphalt binder was heated at 140C, blended by mechanical mixer at a speed of 2000 rpm for different mixing durations (30 to 60) minute. The modified asphalt binder was examined for rheological properties including penetration grade, softening point temperature, penetration index, Brookfield rotational viscosity and ductility test. Results shows that the modified asphalt binder stiffness increases based on rheological properties and sensitivity of temperature decreases with increasing nanosilica percentage. A­4 % nano silica by asphalt weight enhanced the conventional properties of the modified asphalt binder and became proper in hot weather conditions. While ductility of modified asphalt decreases with increasing nano silica percentage, due to stiffness and agglomeration increased. Finally, longer mixing time to more than 60 min had an adverse effect on the ductility property and lead to agglomeration of nanosilica modified asphalt binder.

The removal of glucose from aqueous solutions by different processes such as nano-TiO2, H2O2 and nano- TiO2/H2O2 was investigated and the effect of some parameters such as pH (range of 2-10), nano-TiO2 dosage (0.01-0.05 g), H2O2 concentration (100-500 ppm), glucose concentration (1000-4000 ppm) and temperature (35, 45, 55, 65oC) was studied. The H2O2 and TiO2 concentrations were optimized using different concentrations of them. The optimum conditions of the nano-TiO2/H22O2 treatment were: [H2O2]0=100 ppm, [nano-TiO2]0=0.03 g/L, initial pH=6 and Temperature=65oC.Results showed the pseudo-first-order kinetic model was the most appropriate model, describing the degradation kinetic.

The materials that are now being used in the conservation of historic and cultural heritage are originally available in the market of industry. Recently, some of the materials are improved in the fields of conservation of heritage and they are so common in the consolidation of artificial objects or monuments. The aim of the study is identification of the proper material for consolidation of beige stone against environmental factors. Thus, three materials were chosen from the recent products which are more compatible with composition of limestone. Stone specimens were consolidated with Nano Estel (Nanostructure silicon dioxide SiO2 dispersion in water), Nano Lime (Ca(OH)2) (Nano-lime dispersion in isopropyl alcohol), and Dibasic ammonium phosphate ((NH4)2HPO4) well known as HAP method. Samples were characterized by FE-SEM and tested by Microdrilling resistance. The porosity also was analyzed by MIP. The results show Nano-lime has the lowest surface effectiveness which barely changed the physical properties of the stone in comparison with the others. In the case of covering, in both Estel and HAP, some microcracks (with branch and net pattern) were observed on the layer above substrate, in contrast, nano-lime made a homogeneous layer. Also, nano-lime treatment caused 6% reduction of the porosity which had the most effectiveness on stone porosity. J. Color Sci. Tech. 12(2018), 1-12© . Institute for Color Science and Technology.

In this study, Al/nano-MgO composites were produced via vortex method (direct incorporation). MgO nanoparticles with 60-80 nm diameter (as reinforcement) and Al-356 (as metal matrix) were used for production of these composites. The molten composites were stirred, and then cast into a metallic mold. The effects of MgO volume percent with 1.5, 2.5 and 5%, and casting temperature (various temperatures, viz. 800, 850 and 950oC) on mechanical properties of composites were investigated. Results show that mechanical properties of samples have increased significantly compare to matrix metal. In this regard, the best compressive strength and hardness results were obtained in the specimens containing 1.5 and 5 vol% nano-MgO produced at 850oC (which are 896 MPa and 73 HB), respectively.

Pyrolants are an important class of energetic materials which because of the high energy content and the solid fused residues, serve a remarkably wide range of military and civilian applications. Pyrolant incendiaries can be either fuel rich or provide a surplus of oxidizer to facilitate combustion of a target substrate. The requirements and characteristics of an incendiary pyrolant not clearly identified. However, the heat of reaction, thermal kinetic data and macroscopic combustion parameters are of the basic requirements for the designing of these compounds. In this work, for the first time, the multicomponent Al/MnO2/PTFE pyrolant is introduced as an incendiary charge. Thermal reaction kinetics (activation energy, frequency factor, critical temperature and self-accelerating decomposition temperature) were studied with differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). Also this work investigations the macroscopic combustion behaviors (such as flame speed and ignition delay time) along with experimental results focusing on open burn experimental setup. Results indicate that the incorporation of nano-Al higher than 30%, significantly reduces ignition temperatures and produces unique reaction behavior that can be attributed to a different chemical kinetic mechanism than observed with micron-Al particles.

In this study, the corrosion behavior of Al-nano ZrO2 nano composites fabricated by Accumulative Roll bonding (ARB) process was investigated. Strips of 1050-aluminum alloy of length 250 mm, width of 40 mm, and thickness of 1 mm annealed at 623K in ambient atmosphere and analytical grade of ZrO2 powder with an average size of 40 nm were used as raw materials. The Al-nano ZrO2 composite was produced in 5 cycles. For electrochemical measurements, the square specimens of 10mm × 10mm × 1mm were cut, connected to copper wires and cold mounted. The open circuit potentials (OCP) of the specimens were measured after 24h immersion in the artificial seawater (3.5wt% NaCl), then electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and potentiodynamic test were carried out at a scan rate of 1mV/s.The results of potentiodynamic tests indicated that when rolling cycles increase, the corrosion current densities decrease. The results of EIS were also indicative that the increase in rolling cycles increases the polarization resistant (Rp), SEM image of cycles 1, 3, and 5 represents the uniform distribution of ZrO2 particles in aluminum matrix by increasing the rolling cycles.So one can conclude that the corrosion resistant of this composite was promoted because the thickness and uniformity of the oxide layer were increased by the increase in the rolling cycles. This denser oxide layer is as a result of uniform distribution of nano ZrO2 particles in the matrix and helps to increase the corrosion resistant of the composite.

The Knoevenagel condensation of aromatic aldehydes with barbituric acid, dimedone and malononitrile occurred in the presence of BF3/nano-g-Al2O3 at room temperature in ethanol. This catalyst is characterized by powder X-ray diffraction (XRD), fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) and energydispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS).